Background: Treatment that can be done to prevent ulceration of the diabetic foot is to reduce areas of high foot pressure. One strategy that is being developed is the use of insoles. Scientific evidence regarding the use of insoles is still sparse, but the benefits of soft insoles can improve function, distribute foot pressure, and protect/prevent ulceration.Objective: This study aims to compare and analyse peak plantar pressure using PEDAR-X® in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patient with diabetic neuropathy after administration of both insoles.Method: Pre-experimental study with 2 groups pre- and post-intervention providing custom-made and prefabricated insoles. A total of 32 subjects with diabetic neuropathy were divided into 2 groups, and then the plantar pressure was measured at the beginning of the examination, and immediately after administration of the insole in each study group.Results: There was a reduction in peak plantar pressure using the PEDAR-X® device in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patient with diabetic neuropathy after administering custom made and prefabricated insoles. The effect of providing custom-made insoles is more beneficial than prefabricated insoles, seen from the more uniform decrease in custom-made insoles, although both still provide a significant decrease effect.Conclusion: Significant reduction in average plantar pressure in the heel, forefoot, and overall areas in both insoles. This supports the recommendation for giving soft insoles to patients with diabetic neuropathy.

Background and Aims: Diabetes is associated with dysfunction and damage in various organs due to abnormal pressure on ten plantar regions. This study aims to compare the effect of offloading plantar pressure on peak pressure of ten plantar regions and gait speed in men with diabetes and active diabetic foot ulcers, and healthy men. Methods: This is a causal-comparative study. Participants were 30 healthy men, 30 diabetic men and 30 men with active diabetic foot ulcers who needed no leg amputation according to their physicians. Sampling was done using random and convenience methods. Diabetic foot ulcers were classified based on the Meggitt-Wagner classification criteria, according to which grade 1 indicates grade 1 indicates a superficial ulcer and was used as a criterion for selecting people with diabetic foot ulcers. Plantar pressure variables were recorded using RSscan software (RSscan International, Belgium,0. 5×0. 5×0. 02 m, 4363 sensors) at a sampling frequency of 300 Hz and the gait speed was measured using a digital stopwatch. Correct walking considered as the full impact of the foot on the middle of the foot scan machine. Data were analyzed using independent t-test in SPSS software, version 24. Results: The peak pressure in the metatarsal 3 (P<0. 001), metatarsal 4 (P= 0. 020), medial heel (P= 0. 004) and lateral heel (P= 0. 007) in the diabetic foot ulcer group significantly increased compared to the diabetic group. In addition, the peak pressure in the medial heel (P= 0. 013) and lateral heel (P= 0. 019) in the diabetic group significantly decreased compared to the healthy group. Conclusion: Men with diabetic foot ulcers are more exposed to abnormal peak pressures in different plantar regions, which can cause irreversible clinical injuries. Diabetic men have a lower gait speed than healthy men which can be important in their rehabilitation.

Background and Objectives: Cryotherapy is often used as an immediate treatment method to relieve acute pain of soft tissue injuries. The current study aimed to investigate the direct effect of quadriceps muscles cooling with ice spray on plantar pressure variables during stance phase of running in male soccer players.Subjects and Methods: Seventeen healthy male soccer players with mean age of 23.7±3.3 years were recruited to participate in this study. Data were collected using a foot scan pressure-sensitive floor mat (RsScan International Footscan®) which was flush mounted in the 10th m of a 15 m-long walkway. The software divided the foot into 10 separate anatomical regions. Participants were instructed to run before and after cryotherapy, which was established following a warm-up period from three trials along a 15 m walkway. After pretest, the subjects were asked to lie down in a supine position, and ice spray was used for cryotherapy.Results: Significant increases in peak plantar pressure variables of toe (P=0.003) and first metatarsal areas (P<0.043) of foot were observed after cryotherapy during stance phase of running.Conclusion: The results suggest that cryotherapy during sporting events such as running may place the individuals in a vulnerable injurious position.

Introduction: Differences in foot structure are thought to be associated with differences in foot function during movement. The aim of this study was to comparison of plantar pressure distribution in runners with different foot types. Methods: 60 male and female runners with normal, flat and cavus foot types participated in this study. Participants ran in 17-m run-way at 3. 3 m/s for six times. Peak plantar pressure, peak plantar force and impulse underneath each region of foot, and medio-lateral and relative time for stance phases were recorded by Footscan® platform. For data analysis, ANOVA and MANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc statistical tests at significance level of 0. 05 were used. Results: Flat feet group have more loading rate in toe1, lesser toes, second metatarsal and midfoot than normal and cavus foot groups. Also, loading rate in fifth metatarsal, lateral and medial heel at cavus group was higher compared to flat and normal groups. Conclusions: It seems individuals with different foot types exhibit different plantar pressure distribution patterns. Future studies are needed to assess other effects of different foot structures especially to identify injury patterns for each group.